Japanese people related to Islam

 Hello, everyone. Today, I will introduce to you about Japanese people related to Islam. I am students of university of Tsukuba. There are many professors and teachers in this university. They conduct many kinds of reserches. But sometimes I cannot understand its concepts and its necessity because those reserches are minor theme for me. However, I become intersted in the Japanese reserchers of Islam because I strived to write these blog entries. In addtion, I found the strange event involved with Uviversity of Tsukuba and Islam research. This is shocking murder case in Univ of Tsukuba in 1991.

1. Japanese Islam researcher, Toshihiko Idutsu

 He is the first person who transrate Koran from an arabic to Japanese. He was the interpreter of arabic for the arabian executives in world war Ⅱ. At that time, he was requested to study arabic paper by Shumei Okawa who was researchers and he conducted it and developed his islam knowledge. After that, in 1958, he published Japanese-Koran. His translated Koran has been admired with his skillful language techniques. It is said that he could read Koran in arabic as soon as he started to study arabic only mouth and also said that he could use and understand 30 laungages.

Next story is the person who is the disciple of Idutsu.

2. Who killed Hitoshi Igarashi and why he would be killed?

 Hitoshi Igarashi was the disciple of Toshihiko Idutsu. He was also genius as well as his master. He tought his students in University of Tsukuba. Suddenly, he was killed by someone and passed away.

 He was killed in elevatorhall of univ of Tsukuba in july 11th, 1991. There were some evidences of murder. The reason why he was killed is  his translation of the novel, the satanic verses, which was written by Sir Salman Rushdie. This novel has the anti-islamic aspects. So, Khomeini, the Iran leader, commanded to kill the person who involving with publishing the novel. Therefore, it seemed that the criminal would be foreign muslim. CIA also had  same view because they seemed that the killer want to show off his crime, killing in the evevatorhall. In addtion, a Bangladesh student was suspected by immigration office. But he got back to Bangladesh next day Igarashi killed. So, Japanese government stopped to investigate for the fear of getting international relations bad. On the other hand, Janapnese police suspected that he was killed by other Japanese people. And also, there was the memo note which indicated that he felt targeted to be killed by someone.(but this would be metophor) As the result, the murder have not arrested yet and statute of limitations has gone.

3.conclusion

 I have heard the rumor about Hitoshi Igarashi. But I do not know the reason why he was killed.(There is a posibility that he was killed by other reason...but we have only way to image the reason from the situation and evidence) I want to know the turth of this killing. Who killed him and why did the murder killed him. I live in Tsukuba, near the Univ of Tsukuba. Maybe we are the nearest people who able to know the truth of all about that.

Islam countries that we don't know

 Hello, everyone. I have written about detail of Islam knowledge before. But I realized that we should know about which countries have much muslim population. We should know about more simple knowledge of Islam as children learn in geography classes. If you hear the news and infomation about those Islam countries, these simple knowledge and data will help your understandings of international relations. I think that you maybe surprised by the new findings. Today, I will introduce to you Islamic countries that we do not know.


1. Indonesia

1-1 What is Indonesia?

 Indonesia is very long country which is about 5,110 km from east to west. It is consisted of 18,110 islands. But Indonesia government dosen't know whether this data is true or not. Its population is over 230 million people. It is known as most muslim living country.

1-2 The economy of Indonesia

 Indonesia is agricultual contry. They made cacao, cabbage, coconuts, rice, coffee, sweet potato, soybeans, tobacco, tea, gom, corn, pineapple, banana, and peanuts. The most coconuts producing country is Indonesia. And also, they have a lot of mineral resources such as gold, tin, oil, coal, gas, bronze, nickel. Japan imports amout of "LNG" made from gases from Indonesia. In addition, the industry also is increasing.

1-3 The religions in Indonesia

 The constitution of Indonesia assure to believe the religions as they want. Indonesia is the multiracial country. So, religions is various as well as the language.  Accroding to statistics data,  Islam is 76.5%,  Christianity is 13.1%, Hindi is 3.4% and so on.
 There are 170 million muslims in Indonesia. This means that Indonesia has the most large muslim population in the world. Thought the total ratio of muslims of population  is very high ,  on the other hands, there are also the people who believe other religions in small islands.

1-4 other information of Indonesia

 In indonesia, badminton is very popular sports. The gold medals of Olympic games that Indonesia won are almost badminton.

 Recently,  JKT48, the branch group of AKB48, started in Jakarta, Indonesia.


2-1 Islamic Republic of Mauritania

 Mauriatania is located in northwest Africa. There are many famous countries, Algeria, Mari, Senegal near Mauritania.

2-2 The economy of Mauritania

 Moauritania exports octopus to Japan.
 After 1960, Mauritania started to dig natural resouces to develop the society and economic. As the result, mining industry and fishery have been strongened. Recently, they started to dig the oil field on ocean. This has the posibility to become main industry of Mauritania.



















3. conclusion

 This entry, I introduced to you about minor islam countires that you will not know. Do you know about aspects of islam character of Indonesia. Do you know the existence of Mauritania? Surprisingly, there are many countries that muslims live. These facts affect international relationships and our understandings of it. So,  I think that these knowledge as learned from geography is very important.

Think About Women Rights

 Hello, everyone! Two days ago, I was wathing the TV program "Houdou Station" in the night. The girl sitting on the bed in the hosptal was interviewed by TV reporter. Why is she in the hospital? Because she was attaked and shooted by Islam Fundamental group, "TTP". She had written her ideas to other people on her blog that she did not support Taliban and resisted their cruel actions. She had also said that every muslim girls have the right to be educated. These her opinions made their angry. As the result, she was harmed.
 According to Nikkei News Paper articul in the November 9th, this event cause the international interests about right of education and thought.
 Today, I will introduce about women rights in Islam world.

1. The position of women.

 In the modern Islamic world, many conventions that discriminate the women  are still conducted. In Saudi Arabia, the women behaviors are strictkly limited. They are not allowed to drive the car. In Iran, the women must wear the vail.
 On the other hand, there are the active campaigns to stop the discrimination for the women. These contents are to prohibit the monogamy, the domestic violences, to permit the divorce by the women. In the developed Islam country, the lows are changing now. In Turkey, the women play important  role such as government officer in the society. In pakstan, one of the famous Islamic country, there was the woman primeminister. But if there are many conservative people, changings do not promote speedy.

2. Education in Pakistan.

 Every girls in Pakstan have the rights to be educated. It is not prohibited by Islam low. But their rights are violated. Why are not their rights saved?
 There is the Islamic fundamental group, TTP, which is affcted by "Taliban". Their intention is to create the country based on the strict Islam doctrines. They reject the equality of men and women. They also don't permit the working and education of the women. They have been conducting the terrorism, such as destroying the schools.  They had destroyed 751 schools in the 10 years.
 The Education minister of Pakistan said that they think that they can dominate Pakistan if there are no education in Pakistan. He also said that people encourage to save the schools but it is not enough.
 Here is the very ironic words said by the girl in the Pakistan,  "TPP members are not educated, thefore, they can not think profoundly and dislike something new. So they also should be educated. This is so logical that everybody who hear it will agree with this.

3. In the end.

 Almost developed countries such as Japan, America, and europiean countries are equal between the sexes. People in these countries are not prohabited to do something by the gender. But gender equuality is not guaranteed in many Islam countries. In the modern world, should the discrimination for the women be allowed if the reason is the doctorines of religion? This is the so dificult question that we can not solve easily. But I think taht school destroying in Pakstan should be stopped. The children are innocent.

Terrorism and Misunderstanding

 Hello, everyone. You may hear the schoking news from Algeria. What happended there?? The Islamic fundamental group who are arming attacked the gas plants and catched the foreiners such as French, and Japanese. It was the one of terrorism. As the result, the army of Algeria attacked and bombed not only the group members but also the foreiners. Almost of them were killed and the foreiners were died too. This event made me very surprised. Because I thought Japanese people are not killed or died by the terrorism. But it was NOT true. Many Japanese who worked at plant were involved with terrorism...
 Today, I introduce to you unforgetable terrorism 9.11.  It was so shocking that 9.11 all changed the international relationships, the views of piece, image of Islam(Muslims).

1. Outline of 9.11

 In September 11th 2001, in the morning, four airplanes were hijacked. two airplanes clashed into the world tarde center. it was exploded and on fire.After that, the buildings were fallen. Another airplane clashed into the Pentagon. The last one falled into the ground in Pennsylvania.

2. The reaction of the America.

 Accroding to investigations of America, it is seemed that this terrorism was carryed out by the terrorist group "Al-Qaeda" whose leader was Binladin. Therefore, America demanded government of  Taliban of Afganistan to send them. But they rejected to do that. Because they thought there was no concreat evidence that Al-Qaeda did that. As the result, the American army started to attacked to Taliban.

3. Hatecrime for the Arabian Muslims.

 In sad circumstance, the Americans statrted to share the sympathy. Therefore, they begged to revenge for the terrorists. Despite there was no concreat evidences, Massmedia started to suspect that this terrorism was carryed out by the Arabic muslims. These actions made Americans violent. So, many Arabians god injured.
 After the 9.11, many Americans hated muslims.Someone threatened islamic mosque, schools, and community center. There were many harassment such as throwing the stones or firebottle, shooting the guns, putting the bottle of blood of pigs. The mosque was close because of the riot. Moreover, the proposal that the Arabians should take the identity card was agreed with 49 percent of the Americans, and the proposal that the Arabians should be gotten back to motherland was agreed with 58 percent of them.

4. Misunderstandings of Japanese.

 Despite Japanese people do not understand the christian views, they started to use the word of  "fundamentalism". Therefore, when the massmedia show the news, they express like this: "this is the terrorism of islam fundamentals". This expression is the misleading. When people hear the news, they feel that Islamic fundamentals is dreadful, strange, violent. As the result, these bad images lead that all muslims are dangerous and Islam is the starange or terrible.

5. In the end.

 All I want to tell you is that not all the muslims are dangerous or dreadful. We are likely to misunderstand about that. The fact as the terrorism was true. But terrorists are only the one part of them. They appeal their beleif or sense of values by military power and terrorism. However, almost muslims are innocent. We should reconsider about muslims and islam.

Islamic doctrine.

 Hello, everyone! Todya, I will write about Islamic doctrine. The doctrine are the things that people who believe the religion must carry out such as praying, dedication, fasting and so on. In the other word, those are duties or rules to become the believer. It seems that the Islam doctrine are very hard. Is this true? I introduce to you about that and you shoul know and think about that.

 1. What Muslims have to do.

 Muslims have to do five courtesies.

1-1 To confess the faith.

 To say the two sentences. "There is the only god", and "Muhhamad is the apostle of the god" in arabic. Everytime they whorship, they must say these sentences. The farmer sentence is said in other religions. So, the latter shows originality of Islam. When the person want to become the muslim, to say the these senteces in front of two muslims who are the mens over 20 make him or her the muslim. Surprisingly, to become muslim is easy. (Do not try as playing)

1-2 To worship.

 Muslims must worship 5 times in a day. At sunset, evening, daybreak, daytime, afternoon, these 5 times, they must worship looking to the shrine. The most important time is the worship of friday at noon. The whorship has the formal styles. Then do that, they have to clean thier bodies. In the case of worship in the mosque, there is the worship leader. Then, everybody also looking to the shrine.

1-3 To contribute the money.

 This is the conttibution that is duty.  Muslims have to pay the maney as the tax which is depended on the thier annual income. It is said as the "tax of relligion". The tax object is not only money but also the agricultual products, the domestic animals, and the comoditties. The tax is used to save the muslims and the weak people such as the widows, the orphans, the beggers, the pilgrims. In Islam world, muslims have to help the other people

1-4 To fast.

 This is the fast that the muslims have to do in the 9th manth of islam callender. During these days, they are not allowed to eat something, to smoke.Enduring the thirstiness, muslims thank for the benefits of god and sympathize with the weaks. The children who are not over 10, the sick people, the pregnants, the travellers, the soldies in battle  do not fast.

1-5 To pilgrim.

 Every muslims have to do four courtesies I have written. But this courtesy is not necessary to do. Therefore, the only muslims who are able to do should pilgrim to Mecca. In other words, muslims who have the maney to travel and have the healty body should do only once time untill they die. In addition, if they can travel there, it is allowed to travel many times. To pilgrim as the duty is to worship by the specific way at the Kaba mosque in Mecca at date of the 12th manth of islam callender. About 2 million muslims travel to Mecca from all over the world every year.


2. In the end.

 Muslims have to do these courtesies. I think you may have a little knowledge about these. Especially, to fast is famous one. Surprisingly, every muslims carry out these.
 In near future, I want to go toMecca to see Kaba mosque at once.

Koran, the Islam scripture.

 Hello, everyone! Today, I will write about Islamic scriputure, Koran. If you have the idea of Koran., you can image the man reading Koran in front of the mosque. Koran is the most important rulebook for the Muslims. All of the rules to live in Islam world is written in it. So Muslims read that and keep the faith of god. I will introduce a lot of Koran for you.

1. What is Koran??

 The revelation from god  is written in Koran in arabic. Muslims believe that these revations are perfectly correct words from god. The god made an angel "Gabriel" to tell the his word to Muhhamd.
Those words were collected and became Koran. In study, those words were not changed. So, those are abosolutely correct words from god.
　Koran has the 114 chapters.  The contents are the order to obey the only god, the cautions of end of the world, courtesy of Islam, social life, the low of family, customs, political idea. But the descriptions of Koran are ordinary daily conversation and the term of bisiness. In addition, familliar morals and cautions are used in it many times. For these reasons,  Koran do not have the stories. In short words, it is not fantasic.
  Muhhamad propagadized words of god in terrible stuation. So he experienced the difficulty and sacrifice. Threfore, the god gave to him the way of dealing with the changing situation, giving tha cautions and yells everytime he had needed. But the god gave the different, non-consistent revalation in simillar situation. Dew to this, the revalation from the god sometimes had the contradiction.

2.The reason why Koran is read by many people so long time.

 First, Koran teach the way of obeying the god by the revalations which is ordinary and simillar on it and the way of concreat life style. The factor gathering the people who believe the religion is to reveal the way of concreat life style. It is not abstract or beautiful words.
 Second,it is an Arabic. Arabic is used to write Koran. The form of Koran is the prose which use the specific character of arabic verses. To read it with the voices in Arabic, people are able to feel the its own beauty of verses. It is said that the refrain on it makes people intoxicated. When Muslims worship for the god, Koran which is translated into other languages such as English or Japanese is forbbitted to use by them. The reason why is not only Arabic is choosen by god as hoy language but also to maintain the beauty of verses of arabic. If translating it, the beauty of verses will be lost. In Islam, it is not allowed the idoratry. When Muslims worship for the god, not to use the music or vocal music. But to read Koran with thier voices may only cause the beauty of verses in that situation.

3.Conclusion.

 For Japanese people, Koran is not famillar. Of cause, me too. Nawadays, I think that there are many people who have not read the "Okyou" in Buddism. It is said that Japanese people do not beleive the religion. But I want to read the Koran and know the revelation. To read the scripure of religion, it will help you to understand other religion.

  　
　

Art and Scientific skills

 Hello, everyone. Today, I write about Islamic art and scientific skills. You may surprise if you know art and science of Islam in middle age. Muslim had specific skills. It has very characteristic points. I will introduce to you about that.

 1. What is arabesque?

  Arabesque is the one of the Islamic art style which is drowing on the wall of the mosque. It ordinary means only plant pattern, but in broad sence, it also means animal pattern, geometry pattern, and word pattern. Arabesque rebeals the charactetristic points of Islam art. In Islam doctorine, idolatry is not allowed. It is limitted and fomal, however, these make arabesque so beautiful. It is not able to express the world of Islam god by realistic expression, but the arabesque only can do that.
 These arabesque patterns are not only drawed on Koran or books but also carved on mosque or palace.
 The arabesque as the plane decoration is used in Islam construction which ischaracterristic solid platic art. In this construction, it plays very important roles. In other word, it is the main point that effected on christian art in europe. However, in the Islam world, religious and theological significance is not still taken up in formal study. This shows originality of Islam art.
 In Islam arts, at the time of expressing world of Islam god, word patterns shows holiness and sublime, geometry patterns shows eternity and profundity, plant patterns shows providence and mercy of god , animal patterns shows friendliness and wishes for hapiness.

2. Medical skills.

  Medical study is the main point of Islam culture of middle age. The medical researchers in Islam world connected midical theory and actual application. As the result, they publshed many great medical books.
 Medical skills of Islam were based on the theory and practice that developed in ancient Greek, ancient Roma, and ancient Persian. The muslim reserchers respected the medical reserchers of ancient Roma. They translated many medical books which written by ancient Greek reseachers  into Arabic. To do this, they could get the new knowledge and create the new medical skills. They also wanted to create the new medical systems and medical books gathering the skills and knowledge based on the ancient Greek and Roma.
 In the middle age, the European reserchers did not tend to learn the language which is used by pagans. Therefore, the time they could get to know the medical skills was in 1200. Surprisingly, they used the medical books translated in arabic by muslim researchers." The canon of medicine" (systematic medical book) published by Avicenna was translated into Latin and read in wide Europe. It was copied many times.
 In middle age of Islam world, the hospitals were constructed in every huge cities.

3. Conclusion.

 In middle age, surprisingly there were the art skills and scientific skills. Islam had the high civilization. Espesially, medical skills affected the Euporean Civilization!

Turkey Empire, the Empire of Islam that existed in middle ages.

 Hello, everyone. Today, I write about "Turkey Empire, the kingdoms of Islam that existed in the middle ages". Turkey Empire is the biggest  of Islam empire. It is so famous that many people may know it. This empire is said as Osman-Turkey.  I will introduce to you about that.

 1. The histry of Turkey Empire.

 Turkey Empire is the imperiallistic country that the emperor who is osman family rule the country. In 15th century, Turkey Empire dominate Istanbul and establish their capital. In 17th century, Turkey Empire have most hugest territory. But the end of 17th century, it get weak and lose its territory. Therefore, Turkey Empire need to participate in World War 1 and attack Russia for recovering its territory. As the result, Turkey Empire lose World War 1 and collapse. In 20th century, Turkey Republic is establised in Anatolia where is the last territory of Turkey Empire.

 2. The emperor in the strongest time of Turkey Empire.

 His name is "Sulayman". In his era, the empire had so strong power that its territory spreaded on north Africa and central europe. He battled and attacked Russia, Hungary, Austria, Spanish, and Iraq. As the result, its territory expanded and he dominate there.
 Under his governing, Turkey Empire won the many battles. So, for Turkey Empire people, Turkey Empire became ideal empire which has concreat tradituonal rules. But this is the start of changing systems of Turkey Empire. After his era, the emperor do not go to battle and attack other country with the soldiers. And the prime minister carry out the role of emperor in politics.

 3.The collapse of empire.

  In end of 18th century, Turkey Empire battled Russia twice and lose. Therefore, Turkey Empire lose its own territory, the north black sea and Crimea. In addition, in this era, many countries and places tended to independent from Turkey Empire.
 In 1830, Muhhamed Ari rebeled in Egypt and independed from Turkey Empire.
 The Balkan Peninsula was dominated by Turkey Empire. But Christian who effected with french revolution rebeled to recover their country. As the result, Greek independed.
 For these reasons, Turkey Empire started to change the old systems to new system. It is said that "Tanzimart". This mean europiean system is adopted into Turkey Empire.

 4. The end of Empire and Born of Turkey Republic.

  Before World War 1, many officers who concerned about politics and empire happended the rebellions. But during rebellons, Turkey Empire was attacked and lose territory.
  Turkey Empire perticipated World War 1 as ally of Germany. However they lose war.
  After that, Mustafa Kemal Ataturk organized new government.